You want the target object to be visible on a layer by itself.Render layers have a material override that applies to every object in that render layer, if only one object uses that layer then it is the only one that gets that material, you can create more than one render layer that uses the same scene layers but have different material overrides. While you can't specify a material per object on each render layer you can get the same object rendered with two materials using render layers - this applies to both BI and Cycles. Both scenes should automatically render and combine. Just remember to render from the scene with the composite nodes. It doesn't really matter which scene you put the composite nodes in, but I like to keep everything in the "base" or "bottom" scene on top of which everything is overlaid. In the old scene, add some composite nodes to combine the results of both scenes: You only need to do this for the new scene. Still in the new scene, set the alpha to Transparent in Render settings > Shading, so the the sky is rendered as transparent alpha: I made the reflective material slightly transparent with mask transparency so that it doesn't completely replace the refractive image they are combined, but you can do this in compositing too. Remove the refractive material and add the reflective material.
Since the object is local to each scene, by setting the material to be stored in the object, we can now set the material individually for both scenes. Still in the new scene, set the material to be stored in the object, not the object data: This mostly means that changes to the object transforms will not be copied between scenes, but changes to object data like materials and UV maps etc. Now the refractive object in the new scene is no longer linked to the refractive object in the old scene, but the object data is still linked. In the new scene, select the refractive object and pres U > Object. This way modifying an object will change it in both scenes. This will link the objects into a new scene. Add a new scene by pressing the + at the top of the screen and selecting Link Objects:
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